Metal cutting is a fundamental manufacturing process used to shape metal workpieces into specific dimensions and forms by removing material using cutting tools. This process typically occurs on machines such as lathes, milling machines, drills, or saws, generating cutting forces and heat due to direct contact between the tool and workpiece. Metal cutting is categorized into conventional methods, involving physical contact like turning, milling, and drilling, and unconventional methods, such as EDM or laser cutting, which use electricity or heat without contact. Each method has advantages depending on material, final shape, and required precision. Applications include turning shafts in automotive and heavy industry, milling machine housings and structural components, drilling holes for fasteners, sawing raw material, and grinding for smooth finishes. The advent of CNC technology has further enhanced speed, precision, and automation, making metal cutting a cornerstone of modern smart manufacturing.